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Therapist

Current Management & Treatment Methods

Lifestyle and Home Remedies

There are in fact various lifestyle practices and strategies that can help individuals to manage the anxiety and stress that usually accompany specific phobias. These same practices and strategies are also used by people to manage work-related stress and engage in developing healthy lifestyles and become more effective practitioners in both their work and home life.
Unfortunately, there is a larger segment of the population that turns to
"self-medication" by turning to alcohol and other drugs of abuse. Some of these are prescription drugs that are not taken in the prescribed dosages, or by obtaining classified drugs illicitly that were prescribed to someone else. Sadly, there continues to be a growing market for these pharmaceuticals, as well as for drugs that are purchased from dealers who obtain them from backyard chemists that concoct these in less than desirable conditions and private laboratories. The abuse of both prescribed and drug trafficked opiates and methamphetamines has become a major problem in our country, particularly with the introduction of Fentanyl and other illegal designer drugs. It is terrifying to read of
the increasing death rate, particularly of young people from taking poorly made Fentanyl.
In many cases after taking a single dose from a bad batch.
Once someone starts down this particular road, it is difficult to "get clean," and there are usually side effects and other permanent damages that affect drug addicts and compulsive alcoholics.

Using Positive Approaches

Mindfulness Strategies may be helpful in learning how to tolerate anxiety and reduce avoidance behaviors.
According to research from Mayo Clinic Staff (2022), Mindfulness is a type of meditation in which you focus on being intensely aware of what you're sensing and feeling in the moment, without interpretation or judgment. The actual tradition of mindfulness entails practicing good breathing methods, guided imagery, and other techniques to relax the body and mind and help reduce stress. Meditation has been studied in many clinical trials. The overall evidence supports the effectiveness of
meditation for various conditions and can help you experience thoughts and emotions with greater balance and acceptance Mayo Clinic Staff (2020).

Relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or yoga, are often excellent techniques that help people cope with anxiety and stress.
Physical activity and exercise
are also methods that may be helpful in managing anxiety associated with specific phobias, or at least the stress and anxiety that accompany them Mayo Clinic Staff (2020).
 

Diagnosis and Clinical Treatment

Diagnosis will require a thorough clinical interview and the utilization of current diagnostic guidelines. The clinician will ask questions about your symptoms and take a medical, psychiatric, and social history. Then they will probably support their diagnosis based on the analytical criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association.  According to the American Psychiatric Association, the most current version will be released this year 2022 and will be the Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR).

"The best treatment for specific phobias is a form of psychotherapy called
exposure therapy (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2022). The primary goal of treatment is to improve the patient’s quality of life by helping the patient take control of their life. Thus, the patient will no longer be controlled by their phobia.
It must be stressed that this treatment is not “one-size-fits-all” and
treatment is focused on one specific phobia at a time.

 

Psychotherapy

Exposure therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy are the most effective treatments.
 

  • Exposure therapy focuses on changing your response to the object or situation that you fear. This is an approach that uses gradually increasing repeated exposure to the source of the patient's specific phobia. It also focuses on the associated thoughts, feelings, and sensations that can help the patient learn to manage their anxiety.

  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) involves exposure as noted above, but combines other techniques to learn ways to view and cope with the feared object or situation in a new way. This method attempts to help the patient learn alternative beliefs that assist them in the manner with which they perceive their fears and bodily sensations. "CBT emphasizes learning to develop a sense of mastery and confidence with thoughts and feelings rather than feeling overwhelmed by them (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2020).

  • Medications may be used during initial treatment or for short-term use in specific, infrequently encountered situations.​

  • Beta-blockers. block the stimulating effects of adrenaline, and lower heart rate, blood pressure, pounding heart and shaking voice and limbs that are caused by anxiety (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2022).

  • Sedatives. Benzodiazepines help the patient relax by reducing the amount of anxiety they feel. However, these are used with caution because they can be addictive and must be avoided when there is a history of alcohol or drug dependence (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2022).

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), has become the gold standard for the treatment of phobias. Today they are also applying some of the newest technological advances to incorporate biofeedback and exposure therapy by means of Virtual Reality. 

"ZeroPhobia"
is a software App that is available and is being used to study fear of heights and spiders. One such study examined user engagement with ZeroPhobia, a self-guided app-based virtual reality (VR) Cognitive Behavior Therapy for acrophobia symptoms using cardboard VR viewers, with demonstrated moderate success (Donker, Chris, Cornelisz, et al, 2020).

The App and information on it may be found at the following link: https://www.zerophobia.app/

 

References:
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2022). Specific phobias. Specific Phobias - Symptoms and Cause     
       Mayo Clinic. Retrieved October 3, 2022, from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions            /specific-phobias/symptoms-causes/syc-20355156.
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2020, September 15). Mindfulness exercises. Mindfulness Exercises -
      Mayo Clinic. Retrieved October 12, 2021, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-
      lifestyle  /consumer-health/in-depth/mindfulness-exercises/art-20046356
Donker, T., Chris, v. K., Cornelisz, I., Kok, R. N., & Jean-Louis, v. G. (2020). Analysis of usage 
      data from a self-guided app-based virtual reality cognitive behavior therapy for acrophobia:
      A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(6), 1614.
      http://dx.doi.org/10.3390   /jcm9061614

 

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